Within the code of practice, cognition and learning is defined as follows:

Paragraph 6.30

‘Support for learning difficulties may be required when children and young people learn at a slower pace than their peers, even with appropriate differentiation.  Learning difficulties cover a wide range of needs, including moderate learning difficulties (MLD), severe learning difficulties (SLD),where children are likely to need support in all areas of the curriculum and associated difficulties with mobility and communication, through to profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD), where children are likely to have severe and complex learning difficulties as well as a physical disability or sensory impairment.’

Paragraph 6.31

‘Specific learning difficulties (SpLD) affect one or more specific aspects of learning. This encompasses a range of conditions such as dyslexia, dyscalculia and dyspraxia.’

Cognition and learning needs may encompass most of the curriculum, such as for pupils with MLD or SLD.  However, cognition and learning needs may only impact on specific areas such as reading, writing, spelling and mental calculations. Cognition and learning needs generally account for difficulties in curriculum-related areas such as:

• reading, writing and spelling
• numerosity 
• comprehension
• processing difficulties such as sequencing, inference, coherence and elaboration
• working memory
• short term verbal memory 
• other types of executive function difficulties

If you are concerned about your child's learning then the first step would be to speak to their teacher.

It is also a good idea to have an eye test and have a hearing test to rule out any of these difficulties first.